Text used – John 3:1-17
- Context matters.
- Popular book that came out a number of years ago: Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation by Lynne Truss[1] → point of the title is that there is a vast difference btwn the phrase “eats [COMMA] shoots & leaves” and the phrase “eats shoots & leaves” without the comma
- First e.g. = list of actions → someone eats, then they shoot, then they leave → This example is the sort of phrase that would be quite at home in any Louis L’Amour … very Wild West.
- Second e.g. = simple description of the diet of China’s favorite cuddly creature: the giant panda
- Importance of context extends far beyond what’s actually in a sentence – extends to where that sentence is found → Take this recent headline for example: “Elon Musk’s Neighbors Fed Up With Eyesore Yard Covered in Broken-Down Cybertrucks.”[2] It’s the kind of writing that would mean one thing if it were found on a news site like CNN … but takes on an entirely different meaning when you stumble across it on it’s actual home: the site for The Onion, a wildly satirical publication started in Madison, WI in 1988.
- Another element of reading context: just as important to pay attention to what’s been left out as it is to pay attention to what’s still in → We’re going to play a little bit of a game this morning.
- Telephone → “The lake was full of rubber ducks.”
- [HAVE SOMEONE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE MESSAGE CHAIN DELIBERATELY OMIT THE WORD “RUBBER” PART WAY THROUGH → get final sentence, then introduce initial sentence]
- The picture that you form with the final sentence is a very different picture than the one you image with the initial sentence, isn’t it?
- Telephone → “The lake was full of rubber ducks.”
- And what got me thinking about the critical nature of context was our Scripture reading this morning because it contains one particular verse – possibly one of (if not the) most well-known verses in the whole Bible … a verse that is almost exclusively repeated out of context, but a verse whose context really changes the whole story – verse: God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him won’t perish but will have eternal life.[3]
- Well-known because it’s many people’s favorite verse → some of the most essential parts of the gospel message in one easy-to-memorize verse AND reassuring in it’s description of how much God loves us: God so loved the world that he gave his only Son …
- Well-known because it’s also a verse that’s been used by many as a gatekeeper verse → used to exclude those who they feel don’t “believe right”: so that everyone who believes in him won’t perish but will have eternal life.
- Used as a “my Jesus is better than your Jesus, so you’re going to hell” sort of litmus test
- If nothing else, it’s well known because of Rollen Stewart, the guy who used to make an appearance at a wide variety of American sporting events in the 1970s and 1980s wearing his rainbow wig and holding his “John 3:16” sign.[4]
- And the context for John 3:16 is not only interesting but also crucial to the full message of the gospel.
- Popular book that came out a number of years ago: Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation by Lynne Truss[1] → point of the title is that there is a vast difference btwn the phrase “eats [COMMA] shoots & leaves” and the phrase “eats shoots & leaves” without the comma
- Narrative context – John 3:16 is embedded in this fabulous story of Jesus and Nicodemus
- Nicodemus = funky rebel character in Scripture
- Very first verse of today’s text tells us he’s a Pharisee … not exactly a term of endearment, right? Throughout all of the gospels, it’s the Pharisees and their strict, legalistic interpretation of Jewish Holy Scripture (First Testament Scripture) that dog Jesus and his disciples at every turn. Eventually, it’s the Pharisees who will arrest and convict Jesus … who will convince Pilate to condemn him to death. And Nicodemus is one of them.
- BUT we also have Nicodemus admission at the beginning of today’s text: [Nicodemus] said to [Jesus], “Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher who has come from God, for no one could do these miraculous signs that you do unless God is with him.”
- Today’s text continues with Nicodemus willingly learning from Jesus
- Asking follow-up questions (like … more than just one, so clearly he’s genuinely interested)
- Trying to understand → working toward belief
- Further on in Jn → Nicodemus is the one who argues with the Sanhedrin (council of Jewish leaders) against arresting Jesus[5]
- Today’s text continues with Nicodemus willingly learning from Jesus
- So Nicodemus is inhabiting this radical, tenuous place in our gospel story. I think it’s safe for us to guess that’s why he came to Jesus at night – so he wouldn’t be seen collaborating with this counter-cultural, troublemaking, pot-stirring rabbi.
- Bulk of the story = Jesus trying to teach Nicodemus about the power and work of the Holy Spirit
- Bringing new life through baptism – text: Whatever is born of the flesh is flesh, and whatever is born of the Spirit is spirit. Don’t be surprised that I said to you, ‘You must be born anew.’[6]
- Describing the unexplainable, unpredictable nature of the movement and work of the Holy Spirit: God’s Spirit blows wherever it wishes. You hear its sound, but you don’t know where it comes from or where it is going. It’s the same with everyone who is born of the Spirit.[7]
- Scholar: Jesus is playing on the [Greek] word pneuma, which means both spirit and wind. God’s Spirit is an uncontrollable and unknowable as the wind. The new life that Jesus has in mind is elusive, mysterious, and entirely God’s doing. The incomprehensible wind of the Spirit blows where we do not see. People experience God’s grace in more ways than we understand.[8] → This begins to hint at why the context of this story for that particular verse – John 3:16 – is so crucial. Jesus is making it clear to Nicodemus that God’s will … God’s Spirit … God’s movement … God’s call … God’s grace are all wholly unpredictable and often impossible for mere humans to understand.
- Nicodemus plays into this struggle to understand – text: “How are these things possible?”[9] → Jesus’s response = typically complex and cryptic reply (for Jn’s gospel)
- About how impossible it is to believe heavenly things when you won’t even believe earthly things
- About how the Human One came down from heaven just to be lifted up again for the sake of salvation
- And it’s in this context of struggling to understand … in this context of a secret, nighttime conversation about belief and unbelief … in this context of one being pressured by “his people” to believe one thing when his heart is clearly telling him another thing … that we find Jesus delivering that much-loved verse: God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him won’t perish but will have eternal life.[10]
- Nicodemus = funky rebel character in Scripture
- But this is not the end of the story! This is the part of the context that is so important and that has almost always been left out! – verse 17: God didn’t send his Son into the world to judge the world, but that the world might be saved through him.[11]
- Gr. here is really telling –
- Gr. “judge” = also separate
- Gr. “save” = also heal
- So “God didn’t send his Son into the world to separate the world, but that the world might be healed through him.” Friends, it is not news to anyone that our world is nothing but separation right now.
- Separation along political lines
- Separation along economic lines
- Separation along racial and ethnic lines
- Separation along religious lines
- We have done nothing but separate ourselves into our own personal silos for too long. We have forgotten that the context of God’s love coming into the world was for healing and wholeness, not to judge and divide us into the “saved” and the “saved nots” … not to decide whose story matters and whose story is “irredeemable” … not to decide whose love counts and whose love is “an abomination” … not to decide which of Jesus’ followers are “Bible believers” and which ones are “just pretending” … not to decide who has the right language or accent or human-constructed theology or gender to speak God’s word and who’s “not good enough.”
- Scholar: God’s desire in sending God’s Son is not condemnatory. Rather, it is redemptive. The whole mission and purpose of God in Christ is to rescue and recover humanity, from being deeply embedded in self-defeating pursuits in a physically absorbed life. God in Christ wishes to reclaim, rename, and reauthor the stories of our lives with a new life empowered by the grace of God and made manifest in the life, death, and resurrection of Christ.[12]
- Gr. here is really telling –
- If we are going to call ourselves Christians … if we are going to take on the work of spreading the good news of the gospel through our words and our actions and our way of being in this world … if we are to indeed declare that “God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him won’t perish but will have eternal life,” we cannot do so without also declaring that God didn’t send that beloved Son into the world to judge us or condemn us or nitpick us or separate us, but to bring us salvation … to make us whole … to set us once and forever free from those things that try to tie us down – the things around us and the things within us … to fully enfold us in that love that covers us and gives us peace. That is the part that we cannot leave out, friends, because that is indeed the good news. Amen.
[1] Lynne Truss. Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation. (New York: Gotham Books), 2003.
[2] https://www.theonion.com/elon-musk-s-neighbors-fed-up-with-eyesore-yard-covered-1851446594.
[3] Jn 3:16.
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollen_Stewart.
[5] Jn 7:50-51.
[6] Jn 3:6-7.
[7] Jn 3:8.
[8] Brett Young. “John 3:1-8 – Homiletical Perspective” in Feasting on the Gospels – John, vol. 1. (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2015), 59.
[9] Jn 3:9.
[10] Jn 3:16.
[11] Jn 3:17.
[12] Emmanuel Y. Lartey. “Trinity Sunday – John 3:1-17 – Pastoral Perspective” in Feasting on the Word: Preaching the Revised Common Lectionary – Year B, vol. 3. (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009), 48.


